While it has delayed the Iranian centrifuge program at the Natanz plant in 2010 and contributed to slowing its expansion, it did not stop it or even delay the continued buildup of LEU [low enriched uranium]. […] At the time of the attack, the Natanz FEP contained a total of almost 9,000 IR-1 centrifuges. The destruction of 1,000 out of 9,000 centrifuges may not appear significant, particularly since Iran took steps to maintain and increase its LEU production rates during this same period. […] One observation is that it may be harder to destroy centrifuges by use of cyber attacks than often believed.
They suggest that the malware was injected into systems in the supply-chain for Natanz.
Because of sanctions and trade controls, Iran operates international smuggling rings to obtain industrial control equipment, including the Siemens 315 and 417 PLCs. Although foreign intelligence agencies could infect or sabotage these PLCs abroad, they would have far greater chance of ultimately infecting Natanz by inserting Stuxnet in the core of Iran’s supply chain for the centrifuge program’s control systems.
Symantec has established that Stuxnet first infected four Iranian organizations in June and July 2009. After the 2009/2010 attack, and before Stuxnet’s public discovery, the malware’s operators tried to attack again. Symantec found that in March, April, and May 2010, two of the original organizations were again infected. In May, a new Iranian organization was also infected. Were the Stuxnet operators dissatisfied with destroying only 1,000 centrifuges, or were they encouraged by their success? In any case, they were improving the code’s ability to spread by the spring of 2010, according to Symantec. These improvements undoubtedly sought to enable the program to again breech Iran’s security on its gas centrifuge program and destroy more centrifuges.
The report points out that the level of knowledge required for the attack had to come from a plant insider, but that the attack vector is more likely to have been from an outsider. The blended approach of Stuxnet emphasizes a loss of secrecy in their program, which may significantly affect Iran’s management of their nuclear effort far more than damage to controllers and centrifuges. The objective may have not been destruction but rather to demonstrate the sophisticated level of information leakage.
Our networks are power hungry and emit 18,000,000 metric tons of C02 per year. Plus, antennas and towers are not very attractive, they obstruct our landscapes and cityscapes. And, who among you has not experienced the network congestion challenge? Time will not fix these challenges, they will grow and grow.
Now what is the root cause of these problems? The base station. It is a fundamental element of the wireless architecture that is large and power hungry. These visual monstrosities are tethered to equally unattractive antennas that block more of the landscape with each new technology. This is the one element of the mobile architecture that is keeping the network from being flexible, responsive and green.
Bell Labs technology is said to cut the cost of deployment, the cost of operation, and even make the towers prettier. What’s not to like?
lightRadio has at its core an innovation that is a small cube—a cube invented by Bell Labs which combines a wideband active array antenna with fully software defined radio capability. This, less than 300 g cube, enables an active antenna as small as 2 watts to an array of typical cellular capacity (30-60 watts). It can be deployed in big and small antenna configurations, all-around the city. With this new antenna, base stations and large antenna towers, virtually disappear. Big or small cells, it is one continuum, for these cubes can be stacked to build a macro cell or used singularly in a beam formation for targeted coverage.
lightRadio makes networks significantly lighter, much simpler to deploy and cuts the cost of site rental by 66%. For our planet, we can reduce power by 51%. With this small element, connected to microwave, it is now feasible for people currently not served by mobile data, to have access.
I reported on an Ice Virus outbreak in Russia at the end of 2010 that affected nearly half a million people in Moscow — critical infrastructure failed.
Perry was quoted as blaming the problems on “unprecedented demand on the state’s energy grid” and saying experts were working “to ensure power is restored as quickly as possible.”
Texas unable to provide sufficient power?
But it was Lt. Gov. David Dewhurst who met with the executives of the state’s power grid manager, ERCOT, and the heads of power generating companies. He said Wednesday that the problem was the failure of some newer plants to sufficiently weatherize.
Two coal-burning plants had frozen water pipes and contributed to 50 of the state’s 550 power plants going off-line.
Dewhurst noted that power demands, while high, were about 20 percent less than what the state handles during peak summer months.
Democrats accused Perry of falling down on the job. The governor “was paying so little attention to the ice storm during his five day trip to California that his own press release misstated the reason for the rolling blackouts,” said Matt Angle of the Democratic Lone Star Project.
I am surprised the Governor was so removed from the situation and made misstatements while his state’s residents suffered through rolling blackouts. It seems obvious, even to an outsider, that demand would not be higher than during the hot summers. Likewise, it seems odd that water pipe failures at just two coal power plants, Oak Grove and Sand Hill, would cascade to 50 more plant failures and have such an impact.
Is your infrastructure prepared for the Ice Virus? Severe weather might actually pose a far greater risk than Stuxnet.
Meanwhile in Antarctica, wind farms have been operating for three years already.
Source: Meridian Energy
The wind farm reduces the carbon footprint of the Antarctic operations, as well as the environmental risks associated with transporting diesel fuel. The bases’ annual fuel consumption has been cut by approximately 463,000 litres. Greenhouse gas production from both bases has been reduced by 1,242 tonnes of CO2.
Update February 2021 (TEN YEARS LATER!):
Texas operates on its own by design and during the current winter storm bad things happened yet again.
Texas has its own grid to avoid dealing with — you guessed it — the feds…
The ICF (consulting firm founded 1969 by a Tuskegee Airman) outage report tells us the 2011 winter led the self-isolating Texans to the wrong solutions, poor decisions, and gas production failed to deliver during cold:
ERCOT’s Extreme Peak Load scenario anticipated demand up to 67.2 GW, but the day-ahead load forecast for 8am Monday was 74.5 GW. ERCOT’s Extreme Peak forecast was based on 2011 winter weather, which resulted in emergency operations but not widespread load shedding.
Gas is blamed so directly for failure to operate. They even make a point to emphasize this was not a renewable energy issue:
Thermal outages, rather than renewables, are the main supply gap.
I know it will become fashionable to say nobody modeled the power system dealing with cold weather (winter storm warning) across all 254 Texas counties but that is LITERALLY WHAT THIS 2011 BLOG POST WAS ABOUT — cold weather change is coming to Texas and it better start planning like Moscow for an “Ice Virus” national security disaster.
And Texas politicians shamelessly boasted as late as 2020 that they were the best planners for energy management, trying to shame Americans outside of Texas.
To put it another way, Texas chose to build only a tiny renewable energy sector and when the gas energy fell offline with nearly 50% failure rates… it’s time to accept responsibility.
Blame Texas gas energy management directly for their totally predictable failure while trying to shame others for what they did themselves.
It’s ridiculous for anyone to say renewables should have suddenly kicked in for a state that didn’t setup weatherized renewables to kick in when their gas systems failed.
On that note, it’s interesting to also read huge amounts of Texas oil production was shut down from an inability to get gas power:
Oil refiner Motiva Enterprises said it was shutting its 607,000 barrel-per-day Port Arthur, Texas, refinery, the largest in the United States. Valero Energy Corp and Total SE separately moved to shut their 335,000 and 225,000 bpd plants in Port Arthur, Texas, due to Monday’s severe cold, sources familiar with plant operations said. Exxon Mobil also began shutting its 369,024 bpd Beaumont refinery and 560,500 bpd Baytown refinery and chemical plant in Texas, sources familiar with plant operations said. Its Baton Rouge, Louisiana, plant also suffered operational issues. Citgo Petroleum Corp said some units at its 167,500 bpd Corpus Christi, Texas, oil refinery were shutting due to weather-related power disruptions.
That’s a LOT of oil wells and refinery to be taken offline. In addition, the same article says gas infrastructure isn’t able to scale to meet demand across a very large region:
Kinder Morgan reported gas-pipeline capacity constraints at locations in Arkansas, Illinois, Louisiana, New Mexico and Texas…
For more detail on this, another article is clear about causes of electricity outages, gas failures:
Officials for the Electric Reliability Council of Texas, which manages most of Texas’ grid, said the primary cause of the outages Tuesday appeared to be the state’s natural gas providers. Many are not designed to withstand such low temperatures on equipment or during production. By some estimates, nearly half of the state’s natural gas production has screeched to a halt due to the extremely low temperatures, while freezing components at natural gas-fired power plants have forced some operators to shut down.
And then they get down to the basic facts with a quote from Michael Webber, an energy resources professor at the University of Texas at Austin:
Texas is a gas state. Gas is failing in the most spectacular fashion.
Even more evidence of this gas failure comes from a tweet by Jesse Jenkins, Professor at Princeton and a prominent energy expert:
As of ~10 AM Eastern time [Monday the 15th], the system has ~30 GW of capacity offline, ~26 GW of thermal — mostly natural gas which cant get fuel deliveries which are being priorities for heating loads — and ~4 GW of wind due to icing. That is a HUGE amount of gas capacity offline, about 30% of total ERCOT capacity and ~half of the natural gas fleet… devastating for reliability
Joshua Rhodes, another energy expert looking at the data, says essentially the same in his tweet
Over 30 GW of generation still down in ERCOT! ~27 GW thermal, or about 35% of all thermal capacity.
Yet, even more importantly, Rhodes also tweeted on the 14th (along with pointing out all systems were affected by the storm) that wind-farms in Texas (albeit very small) over-produced energy far above normal output, because of the… wait for it… high-winds.
Windmills in winter easily can heat their blades and avoid outages, as innovators around the world already documented. Something tells me, however, the real selling point of ice-shedding windmills to Texans would be an opportunity to buy more armored Suburbans that guzzle gasoline:
Skelleftea Kraft maintenance workers ride on armored vehicles when visiting wind sites in the winter
Or look at it this way, a simple table shows wind farms doing ok in a winter storm (forecast demand of 1.8, actual 4.5) yet gas coming up massively short at a much higher scale, leaving a huge -21 deficit in how Texas alone manages its energy.
The numbers don’t lie. The difference from 2011 for me is that investigations will have to start now into whether gas production was shutdown intentionally because of cruel Texas market manipulation and gouging… and Texans willfully ignoring crisis, as well as spending millions on lobbying to prevent better options, all after at least a decade of warnings to weatherize. Some tie it back to 1989 when “wind chills reached 14 degrees below zero”.
Speaking of 1989, that was just a couple years after Enron was started, as Mark Sumner tweeted.
On Monday electricity in Texas approached a rate that would make the average home monthly bill around $96,000… If any of this—purposely constrained market, free floating prices subject to wild changes, consumers facing blackouts—rings a little bell at the back of your head, there’s also this: Enron got its start dabbling in these markets from it’s Houston, TX HQ in the 1980s
A Texas political scientist tweeted that not only does Texas isolate itself to have monopoly control (private regulation to prevent public regulation) in a closed market for energy distribution and pricing, it just used that factor in a disaster to turn down its gas to reduce operating costs while charging Texans higher rates.
All of this summed up by a comment on that tweet:
Dude this is looking more like a Texas version of the 2000-01 California electricity crisis. These private energy producers went offline intentionally and are forcing ERCOT to lift the pricing cap to reflect the scarcity they created.
Kinetic sculptor and artist Theo Jansen builds ‘strandbeests’ from yellow plastic tubing that is readily available in his native Holland.
The graceful creatures evolve over time as Theo adapts their designs to harness the wind more efficiently. They are powered only by the wind and even store some of the wind’s energy in plastic bottle ‘stomachs’ to be used when there is no wind.
a blog about the poetry of information security, since 1995
