Category Archives: Energy

New Diesel Taxi for London, NYC, and Tokyo

London makes it very clear that they have chosen a 1.5 dCi EuroV diesel engine with a 6-speed manual as their new taxi standard. Tokyo and NYC are said to be getting the same Nissan NV200 taxi in a new 10 year contract.

Although it is a fairly large size van that can carry five adult passengers and significant load, it is expected to average 53.3 mpg. Clean air is a major marketing point in London’s campaign.

The New York site, however, doesn’t say anything about the engine. Will the NV200 in the Big Apple also get cutting-edge diesel technology? Strangely, there is no mention of a mpg number in any of the U.S. press.

Even worse, the “Taxitistics graphic” for NYC makes no mention of air quality or engine efficiency at all!

Note the black cloud imagery. Thus I suspect the vehicles in different cities will actually be very different. Unlike the high-tech London taxis, NYC passengers should expect to be dragged around by a dated and anemic gas engine that takes more pit-stops because it gets no better than 25 mpg. If it is the same 2.0L 4-cylinder gas engine as in Nissan’s Sentra, then the match-up would look like this:

City London NYC
Engine 1.5L diesel EuroV 2.0L gas PZEV
Torque 216 142
mpg 53.3 25

More power, more efficiency…Londoners will get to their destination at less cost and more quickly and cleanly, because they chose a diesel fleet. For reference, the torque of Nissan’s new diesel is comparable to a Dodge Power Wagon.


A quick calculation:
13,237 taxis traveling 70,000 miles a year is 926,590,000 total miles per year.
At 25 mpg that would be 37,063,600 gallons.
At 53.3 mpg that would be 17,384,428 gallons (19,679,172 gallons saved)

At $4/gallon (current price of both gasoline and diesel in NYC is $3.9/gal) the savings from diesel engines in NYC would be $78,716,688 a year ($0.30 per passenger trip).

In other words, all else being equal, it will cost NYC $6,000/year more per taxi to run gasoline instead of diesel.

In just five years the NYC taxi will spend $30,000 more to operate than a London taxi, yet depreciate in value faster.

Likewise, waiting until electric engines are available (estimated in 2017 for NYC) would waste 78,716,688 gallons of gasoline at a loss of $314,866,752 ($0.40 per passenger trip).

That’s before calculating the emission harm differences. Again, NYC has said nothing about clean air. Taxis with diesel engines also are able to drive further without stopping to refuel, saving significant time and making them more available.

USCG Arctic Shield Operation

After the end of WWII hostilities the U.S. Navy deployed “task forces” all over the world. From the South Pole to the North Pole there were military teams mapping territory, assessing risk and seeking out remnants of opposition.

At least a dozen ships with double that many aircraft were assigned to study “techniques” for operation in extreme conditions and remote locations, as well as gather information the military considered “interesting”. Whether fueled by fear, suspicion or curiosity, the missions and their findings kicked off a huge body of knowledge about survival and risk management.

One way to get a sense of the number and types of teams is to look at photographs from aviation archives. Here’s a 1947 photo from LogBookMag of a Navy Douglas R4D-5 Skytrain (AirForce C47A) launching from an air craft carrier in Operation Highjump. Note the snow skis and the use of jet-assistance (JATO bottles).

R4D-5 Skytrain Launches

JATO was effective not only for small carrier runways but apparently also came in handy after skis froze to the ground.

By 1951 some believed that the U.S. was at risk of attack by the U.S.S.R. from the north. The CIA Factbook map makes it pretty obvious why; the distance straight over the pole is far shorter than following a latitude.

North Pole

The threat of increased traffic warranted understanding the region, establishing forward bases and learning to operate there. The American military stepped up research on extreme temperature survival, early-warning systems and rapid-response above the Arctic Circle.

Innovations like the “flying laboratory” were developed and used in Project Skijump, although it had a landing-gear failure in 1952 and was lost to the Soviets.

Fast forward to today. The U.S. Coast Guard has announced a massive expansion of operations above the Arctic Circle and a forward base at the northernmost city in America. The Fairbanks Daily News gives their perspective on the need for assistance.

Barrow is surrounded by open tundra and the Arctic Ocean. As sea ice continues to disappear, the city will begin to experience increasing boat traffic, both from companies planning to drill for oil and travelers looking for a shortcut from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

That is why the Coast Guard sent an aviation team more than 900 miles from its home in Kodiak to Barrow: It needs to be prepared if something goes wrong.

I wonder how much of the preparation from the past is useful for future incidents. The NYT makes it sound like the USCG is starting from scratch.

“The Arctic has been identified as a priority,” said Cmdr. Frank McConnell, the operations coordinator for Arctic Shield, which includes in its initial phase two Coast Guard cutters and two smaller ships, in addition to the two helicopters that will be stationed here in Barrow. The first of 25 pilots, along with support crews, mechanics and communications personnel, began rotating through Barrow this month on three-week tours. “There’s a lot to learn,” Commander McConnell said.

That’s what they said in 1947.

Egress Filters for Heat in Homes

passive houseAn American home-building movement in the 1970s innovated ways to trap energy in homes to reduce the cost of heating them, as explained by Wooden Window.

The strategy of a Passive House is to reuse “free” heat to warm the home. “Free” heat is generated from all electrical and gas appliances such ovens, refrigerators, computers and light bulbs. To do this, the building envelope of a Passive House must be extremely well insulated and air-tight so that this “free” heat can be captured and [retained] within the building.

Two documentaries now try to explain how it works and why the concept has been so popular in Europe but mostly ignored in America. Catch them both at the PHCA film festival on August 9th.

Perhaps someone could make it instantly more popular in America if they changed the uninspired name Passive House to something more like Independence House or Freedom House…or Ultimate-Super-Extreme-Big-Heat-Like-a-Soaring-Bald-Eagle-on-Thermal-Power House. I’d want that.

“Air tight” affordable homes of course have another interesting effect on security strategy. Filtering and measuring the air flow between a sealed dwelling and the environment could completely change air-quality governance and disaster planning.

Scofflaw Cycling and Multi-Tenancy

The SF Bicycle Coalition has dedicated its latest journal to the issue of scofflaw. It makes a typical plea for everyone to be perfectly law-abiding in shared space.

We’ve been hearing from an increasing number of our own members, as well as political and community leaders, about this issue.

We know that most people are riding safely and courteously, but those who are not are making it less safe for all of us. Following the rules of the road and yielding to pedestrians is paramount to keeping our streets safe and inviting places for everyone.

A few tenants impact the safety of others and cause concern about all tenants. When enough tenants complain then law enforcement will step in to perform a typical show of force or a checkpoint or a sting. That seems like the usual cycle of things (pun not intended).

What is most interesting in the journal is the guidance to law enforcement by the SFBC:

The SF Bicycle Coalition is urging the SF Police Department (SFPD) to focus their efforts on the most dangerous behavior by road users at the known, most dangerous intersections. We know that drivers are responsible for the huge majority of injuries and fatalities to pedestrians on our streets, so this problem should receive the huge majority of enforcement attention.

We’ve heard troubling accounts of the SFPD setting up stings to catch people on bicycles rolling through stop signs on quiet streets where no one else is around. This isn’t focusing on dangerous behaviors at dangerous intersections, and these tickets are not prioritizing the actual goal of making our streets safer for everyone. We agree with your phone calls, e-mails, tweets, Facebook posts, etc, complaining that these tickets should not be prioritized at a time that limited enforcement resources should be aimed at actual dangerous behavior.

There should be an easier way to differentiate what is meant by “actual” dangerous behavior.

Data driven analysis is one way. The data on cars, in other words, shows a high rate of pedestrian accidents and fatalities treated as normal.

…none of these fatalities caused by people driving received even one-tenth of the attention that the high-profile Market/Castro incident involving a person biking fatally hitting a pedestrian last March drew. Why? Precisely because the latter is so rare. Equally tragic, absolutely heartbreaking, but undeniably rare.

Within just one week of that crash at Market and Castro Streets, there were two other pedestrian fatalities, both reportedly caused by people driving. Did you read anything about those?

Scofflaw Bus Rider
This is not to say that cyclists should kill more pedestrians to make people forget about the risk. No, it actually brings to light the classic dichotomy of civil disobedience during segregation. Those practicing scofflaw may increase resistance and fear, but at the same time open up a path to reform that is far less troubling than continuing down the same road. Perhaps scofflaw cyclists will be the catalyst that helps pedestrians throw off the shackles created by drivers. Did Martin Luther King practice “actual” dangerous behavior by dreaming? Was Rosa Parks “actually” a dangerous person when she resisted segregation?

[Kyra Phillips on CNN] asked Reverend Joseph Lowery, an African American civil rights advocate, how Parks’ memory made him feel about all the current-day commentators who are “always on the TV set complaining and shouting.” […] “It takes all approaches,” Lowery said. “I do not condone violence, but I do condone militancy.”

The bottom line is that stop-signs and stop-lights are not intelligent controls for segregation of traffic. They also were not designed with the best interests in mind for pedestrians or cyclists. In fact, red and green signals are a poorly thought-out adaptation from sailboats in the water (starboard and port). The colors operate smoothly when used on the water without stopping anyone; boats have no real brakes. Traffic signals should be about flow such that we can define “actual” dangerous behavior by harm (severity) but also obstruction (likelihood).

It would seem that cyclists are bringing to light (pun not intended) that relics of an endless-petroleum model of energy consumption can not last forever. Idling on empty streets with an engine that burns $5/gal gasoline in a new 10mpg engine seems like an incredibly bad idea today. Likewise, pushing pedals only to have to pull on the brakes and wait on an empty street makes little sense.

The modern round-a-bout was supposedly invented in America. Why not reconsider them with their modern improvements such as yield-at-entry?

The solution is undoubtedly in thinking about the purpose of signals and controlling movement. Avoiding collision is the goal, not re-enforcing wasteful and inefficient designs or in trying to develop an artificial and contrived definition of “good” behavior. I have personally watched the SFPD chase down and hand out tickets to cyclists that coast through stop signs yet they allow vehicles to run through the exact same signs without a reaction. At one point I approached the officers and asked about the inconsistency in enforcement. They simply said the department was responding to public concern about cyclists.