Category Archives: History

America Bans Small Smart Cars Yet Disastrous Tesla Cybertruck is Somehow Legal

It’s a strange inversion of safety regulation.

The most intelligent vehicle designs are prohibited from being sold in America.

…the state is targeting vehicles that do not meet FMVSS, with a focus on vehicles the state identifies to be in the Kei class. The RMV identifies a Kei vehicle through the above list and through a short VIN. The state’s logic is that this will be for safety since a Kei vehicle is not built to FMVSS.

I’m sure you can see the problem here. Not only does the above list include vehicles outside of the Kei class, but the state doesn’t seem to be aware that short VINs are not limited to Kei vehicles. A large Nissan Civilian bus will have a short VIN, as would a Toyota Century. I asked Natasha about how the state will interpret short VINs and she told me that they will be applied only to vehicles believed to be in the Kei class with a short VIN. The state is not looking to deny registration to vehicles imported from other countries, either. So, you could import a Japanese car that was sold in Europe and the state wouldn’t care. But that same car from Japan would be a problem.

Notably, states have the authority to ban cars, and they do so based on claims of adhering to federal safety rules. Here’s the clever part: States say they are following federal guidelines, while the federal government claims it’s up to the states. This creates a situation where actual inexpensive, intelligent, and safe cars—vehicles with a history of minimal or no harms—are banned under the pretense of safety, even though the real reason has nothing at all to do with actual safety.

Fun history fact. An initial popular Kei car (keijidosha — light vehicle) in Japan was a U.S. occupation-managed 1947 Tama EV, which sported hot-swap battery bay doors that would still be considered advanced technology.

Nissan’s car making origin story is this E4S-47i (Electric 4 Seater of 1947 initially) with rapid battery replacement on both sides. Top speed was 35km/h.

Americans clearly want smaller, more affordable cars, but the major car brands loathe the low margins those cars bring. Instead, they manipulate the system to ensure their higher-margin, larger vehicles dominate the market. The result? Larger vehicles threaten safety, creating a race to excess that defies common sense. Political and corporate interference blocks sane, practical engineering that could improve the quality of life for Americans.

One absurdity in these regulations is the enforcement of a 35 mph speed limit on small cars. This rule is a relic from the 1990s [1], when American car manufacturers exploited low-emission laws by arguing that electric golf carts should count as full cars within their “low emissions” fleet. They imposed a federal 35 mph cap on these vehicles, preventing their widespread use as actual cars. Essentially, they used the low emissions credit to pad their numbers for environmental compliance while continuing to profit from selling higher-margin, gas-guzzling vehicles.

Tesla has merely replaced this golf cart strategy with a new loophole. Instead of golf carts, Tesla sells “clean” credits [2], allowing companies like Stellantis to continue producing massive, polluting vehicles. Worse yet, Tesla’s cars—unnecessarily fast, overpowered electric vehicles often charged using electricity from coal and diesel plants—are marketed as environmental solutions when, in fact, they enable continued environmental damage. Tesla profits from selling credits that fuel the production of gas guzzlers, allowing corporate giants to dodge real emissions reduction, all under a fraudulent “green” banner.

This has led to the worst of both worlds becoming the American standard: inefficient, dangerous cars flooding the market while genuinely affordable, safe, and environmentally sound alternatives are banned.

And then, we come to Tesla’s Cybertruck—the culmination of all these systemic problems. It’s not only a symbol of excess, but also the worst vehicle in history, riddled with basic safety flaws and involved in a string of tragedies.

Despite its glaring design issues and its threat to public safety, it’s not even being considered for a formal ban. The irony is palpable: the vehicles most deserving of being kept off the roads, like the Cybertruck, sail through without much resistance. It’s a bizarre and dangerous reality when a vehicle as inherently unsafe as the Cybertruck is left unchecked.

To draw a parallel: If this were about diet, it would be like banning fresh organic vegetables for being “too dirty” while subsidizing corporations that sell cancer-causing lumps of coal as fast food.


[1] The 25 mph speed limit for small electric vehicles, like Neighborhood Electric Vehicles (NEVs) and Low-Speed Vehicles (LSVs), originated in part from America’s Clean Air Act and low-emission regulations in the 1990s. Automakers used bogus concepts of NEVs and similar vehicles to sponge up credits toward their environmental compliance targets, primarily by buying golf carts and abruptly classifying them as part of an overall vehicle fleet. The speed cap was a cynical ploy for manufacturers to fulfill low-emission quotas without having to do any actual work on their production of gas-powered vehicles. They continued selling larger, high-margin gasoline-powered models while falsely claiming they were making strides toward emissions reduction. The NEVs were shamelessly marketed for “local use” (such as fleet sales to private campuses, with no benefit to urban areas or public roads) by forcing them to stay under speed limits of 35 mph or lower with federal regulations. The baked-in limitation of these “special” fleet numbers prevented adoption of actual widespread urban alternatives to conventional cars​.

[2] Tesla has been leveraging the sale of regulatory credits to generate significant revenue, benefiting from emissions credits sold to other automakers who fail to meet strict emissions targets. Tesla made nearly $9 billion by selling these credits (arguably its primary income), particularly to companies like Stellantis, allowing entrenched “gas guzzler” models to avoid fines while continuing to produce high-emissions. This predatory model by Tesla intentionally delayed serious efforts to cut emissions by misrepresenting “clean” credit sales. Tesla itself, fraudulently promoting its vehicles as an environmental solution, has faced not enough scrutiny for how it prefers electricity generated from coal or diesel plants, and how it lied to reduce sales of more popular and environmental EV models (e.g. Nissan LEAF, Chevy Bolt). The anti-science dynamic has raised concerns about the corruption and effectiveness of current regulations in genuinely reducing global emissions, since Tesla’s stock is based on propping up the continued production of large, gas-guzzling vehicles while aggressively undermining other brands’ meaningful reductions in pollution (e.g. lying about safety, lying about range).

Big Tech AI Risks: How Admiral Nelson Exploited Napoleon’s Biggest Weaknesses

One of the remarkable things about Admiral Nelson’s extraordinary successes against Napoleon’s French Navy (arguably the “Big Tech” of the late 1700s) is how a British admiral repeatedly used the same or similar tactics to great effect. He wasn’t so much surprising his enemies as teaching them the same lesson over and over, because they were so overconfident as to be bad at learning.

A key characteristic of military leadership under Napoleon—where the self-proclaimed “emperor” continually eliminated competent officers and replaced them with subordinates demonstrably loyal to him—made the French more vulnerable to Nelson’s hallmark strategic attacks.

For example, in both the Battle of the Nile and Trafalgar, the French (and Spanish) relied on extremely large ships at the center of their line that badly absorbed the brunt of Nelson’s favorite tactic: concentrated and localized fire.

Adding insult to injury, the oversized ships suffered from reduced maneuverability compared to their British attackers. Nelson’s strategy of breaking the line was made even more effective, his targets sitting like ducks.

To put it simply, when Nelson’s 14 ships approached a line of 14 enemy ships of far greater size, he would pierce their line and put 14 of his more agile and experienced craft (firing at a rate of 3 to 2) against only 7 of the enemy. His basic pick-apart and target attack math is trivial to understand, which is why and how his men could press on in battle so independently. In the Nile case, the French foolishly only manned one side of their ships (on the false assumption they were sheltered to lee by the shore) such that Nelson’s two-sided assault became especially effective.

Perhaps most notable was the collapse of coordination and communication within the French fleets. Once their line was broken and subjected to concentrated fire, Nelson maintained a relentless, unified theory of localized assault, while the French struggled to devise any effective counter-strategy other than to fade away. Perhaps ironically, Napoleon used the same tactics on land against the Italians and Austrians yet lacked any competence or translation to sea.

The absolute defeat of French naval forces in both the Nile and Trafalgar was lopsided, swift, and devastating to the soft underbelly of Napoleon.

It’s a lesson that resonates today, where even the largest AI platforms, under attack by aggressive and nimble adversaries—like with Napoleon’s easily routed naval juggernauts—are seemingly setup and operated to invite catastrophic breaches.

Big Tech in a race to create the biggest AI platforms possible and stuff their leadership with adherents to a CEO recalls the fate of the gargantuan L’Orient in 1798, blown apart off the coast of Egypt, sinking France’s entire “unsinkable” campaign fortune.

Perhaps France’s infamously aggressive “move fast, break things” dictator should be referenced today more often as Mr. Napoleon Blownapart? The gargantuan French warship L’Orient explodes at 10PM. Source: National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London

And lest anyone forget, Nelson’s swift lopsided victories at both the Nile and Trafalgar were supported by an exceptional depth of talent.

Vice-Admiral Cuthbert Collingwood, a name almost nobody remembers yet who earned THREE Naval gold medals, perhaps deserves even more credit for applying the aggressive line-breaking localized fire tactics than Nelson himself at Trafalgar.

Flag officer’s Naval gold medal awarded to Vice-Admiral Cuthbert Collingwood (1750-1810). Source: National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London

Are you now saying Collingwho? Here are some fun history facts about the underappreciated “Salt Junk and Sixpenny” (cheap food and booze) Collingwood who rose out of poverty to become one of the most decorated Admirals in history: Denied his first gold medal on a technicality, he protested and was awarded it retroactively after earning his second. Though excluded from a role in the Nile rout, he led the charge at Trafalgar and is credited with preserving the entire British fleet during both the battle and a subsequent horrific storm. Allegedly, even after suffering the loss of their fleet, the Spanish respected his executive actions so much that his leadership helped them overthrow the French. While Nelson inspired his fleet with strategic brilliance and daring tactics, Collingwood was a hard-core system administrator who excelled in operations—Nelson wisely deployed his vice-admiral as a man capable of fighting harder and better than any fleet three times his size.

Collingwood was a tough, resourceful individual who rose from humble, rough conditions to achieve the highest awards and greatness despite his modest background. He was much more modest than an attention-seeking Nelson, preferring to focus on smooth operations and combat discipline rather than seeking fame or fortunes. He was even criticized for not being more aggressive about hunting foreign treasure and bounty in combat. His steady, reliable command did not seek the spotlight given he felt success was best measured as victory in combat—hence why his amazing historic contributions, though significant, are often unknown.

So who will historians look back upon and discuss as the Collingwood of our day, the quiet hero who routed the Napoleon(s) of Big Tech AI?

“Rear-Admiral Cuthbert Collingwood, 1748-1810, 1st Baron Collingwood” adorned with medals, posing on the poop deck. Source: National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London

American Diesel Cheaters Acting Like VW Never Happened, Hit With Measly $10M Fine

As I’ve said since forever, VW was a much easier target for America than America was. Dropping a regulator hammer on the Berkeley Professors and Marin Dairy Farmers driving a diesel VW station wagon is like a walk in the park.

Sure, VW got raked over the coals and there was serious fall-out in Germany (e.g., a $4.3 billion fine). In some sense, idling with low emissions isn’t quite the problem people made it out to be, which is why lying about it was such a stupid strategy. But the real story always was that direct action against the huge number of American diesel cheaters was only being signaled instead of enforced — a big overseas takedown on VW was like warning shots that every diesel-head should have heeded immediately.

It’s almost like regulation in Europe somehow emboldened those prone to abuse in America. In fact, on the news of VW getting in hot water, Tesla’s CEO ran out and started operating a huge bank of dirty diesel generators. It was egregiously bad behavior, made even worse by Tesla marketing these generators as clean energy because they were wrapped up and sold as an EV charging station.

And now, finally, wheels of justice are starting to make the rounds on the actual emissions problem being in America. It’s amazing just how intentionally dumb and blind about harms the good ol’ American “tuners” have acted, flaunting laws, even while watching regulators clean up Germany.

Feds Nail Another Diesel Shop With $10M in Fines for Deleting Emissions Equipment: It was caught selling, installing, and manufacturing tuning devices that imitated another company’s products.

So dumb. And of course it was run out of the infamous “what do you mean slavery is wrong” state of North Carolina.

That $10 million seems pitifully low for the intentional harms that generated huge revenues in the 10s of millions. When set low, the fines become rationalized as a cost of doing business instead of a proper prohibition to exploitative practices.

“Those selling defeat devices are willing to pollute the environment so that they can personally profit,” said U.S. Attorney Matthew M. Graves for the District of Columbia. “Today’s sentencing makes clear that there will be significant consequences for those who traffic in these devices. Anyone considering peddling or installing these devices is on notice of the substantial costs of doing so.”

Fun history fact, the Department of Justice and National Parks were created by President Grant after he won the Civil War, to stop the KKK-minded southern states from trying to profit from massive systemic harms in America including pollution.

Fast forward to today and the Department of Justice is busy shutting down dangerous and dumb North Carolina business models like it’s the 1870s again.

But my favorite part of the story is actually this buried lede:

Rudy’s then started faking these tuners in-house. This involved an $850,000 laptop purchase, as the computer contained the software to convert other tuners into Mini-Maxxes and XRT Pros. Until stopping in July 2018, Rudy’s sold nearly 44,000 imitation tuners and generated about $33 million in revenue from them. All this is as reported by the DOJ.

In 1808 America banned import of slaves so North Carolinians started making them “in-house” (systemic rape of Black women) instead.

See the parallels?

And should we really call it an $850,000 laptop purchase? The computer “contained” valuable software, while the laptop was likely worth next to nothing on its own. The idea someone could license software on just one laptop for nearly $1M tells you just how stupidly lucrative causing intentional environmental harm had become even after the VW takedown.

To put it another way, think about a $10 million fine as the cost of 10 laptops on a diesel cheater’s balance sheet. Is there a business that can afford to buy 10 laptops?

Related: North Carolina was the first to secede to start a Civil War meant to preserve their business of slavery. As the rest of the world was very openly ending slavery towards the late 1700s (shout out to the colonies of Vermont and Georgia), America primarily fought its Revolutionary War to preserve and expand slavery instead. George Washington literally recruited soldiers to fight by asking if they opposed their British King being too progressive and setting free the Blacks in America. And Washington himself went on to keep his slaves even when it became illegal in Pennsylvania, ordering his lawyer to find loopholes that allowed keeping hostages and raping them for profit. Thus we see precedent for the haters in North Carolina who apparently had a hard time accepting a regulation that ended harms. It’s on that note we can see how President Grant was the best President in history. And Washington? An awful cheater. French historians now say he didn’t even fight his own battles.

From Exploding Phones to Sabotaged Pagers: Unraveling the Hezbollah Intelligence Failure

After Israeli athletes were kidnapped and murdered at the 1972 Munich Olympics, a phone was tampered with to assassinate one of those responsible. Mahmoud Hamshari, of the Palestinian terrorist group Black September, was killed by his ornate marble base desk phone in Paris packed with explosives that detonated when he answered a call.

Twenty two years later in 1996 Yahya Ayyash, of the Palestinian terrorist group Hamas, was killed by his Motorola Alpha cell phone, packed with just 50g of explosives that detonated when he answered a call (from his father). Notably Ayyash himself had become infamous as a bomb maker.

At this point you might have an impression there’s a particular theme, even a signature move, to explain exploding phones.

However, to be accurate, in October 2016 Brian Green’s Samsung Note 7 caught fire on Southwest Airlines flight 994 in Louisville, Kentucky, causing an emergency evacuation. And that was after September 2016 reports surfaced of a Samsung Note 7 exploding and destroying Nathan Dornacher’s Jeep in St. Petersburg, Florida. Not to mention a 6 year old boy also in September 2016, among more than 30 other victims, rushed to hospital after a Samsung Note 7 exploded in hand.

Fast forward to today, and Lebanon is reporting nearly 3,000 Hezbollah pagers have just simultaneously exploded this afternoon, killing nine people so far according to the FT.

Pagers belonging to Hizbollah members exploded across Lebanon on Tuesday, killing at least nine people and injuring more than 2,700 in an apparent sabotage of the low-tech systems the militant group uses to evade Israeli surveillance and assassination attempts.

The blasts took place in several areas of Lebanon including the capital Beirut, the southern city of Tyre and the western area of Hermel, as well as in parts of Syria. Images circulated on social media of explosions and of people with bloodied pocket areas, ears or faces being taken to hospital.

The damage in the Lebanese reports suggests to me this was a supply chain attack. Pagers were recently deployed, perhaps with some sense of new urgency for new devices. These could have been intercepted and sabotaged were counterfeits inserted into the supply chain (as confirmed/protested by the authentic brands themselves). They may have all be the same, but also could have been many different models or devices.

The IRA, for example, knew some cars had been bugged by British intelligence. What they didn’t know was that the supply chain was compromised such that every single car entering Ireland allegedly was bugged by the British so any of them could be triggered.

The pagers deployed widely today in Lebanon are popular because one-way, used as a receive-only device. This leads people to believe without a transmit function they are hidden, with no target surface, while still being available for calls to action. Hassan Nasrallah, leader of Hezbollah, had warned members against cellphones, arguably making them less safe by mandating a narrow and predictable attachment to legacy technology. In reality, it’s also possible to triangulate a one-way pager based on tower signal strength and direction. But the news of exploding and easily tracked cellphones generated a great fear of using them, which is how Hezbollah ended up being targeted today.

When everyone in a particular target group is receiving the same signal at 1530 in the afternoon, and they all have just been “upgraded” to a new pager device with a tell-tale vulnerability… the implications of membership are clear. Communications will be severely interrupted among a very narrow set of specific network links.

In terms of the method used, pagers tend to have very limited internal space, a few centimeters at most. This is a shift away from assassination levels of attack. A small explosive charge, even under 20 grams, would still cause significant damage, particularly when combined with a lithium battery known for volatility. Allegedly the GApollo AP-900 was the pager in this case, however, which specifies an AAA battery.

I mean why would such a small charge be detonated to disrupt communication and cause mass suffering across Lebanon, given a history of more potent explosive methods in phones used for assassinating terrorist leaders?

My guess is that someone, either intentionally or unintentionally, just exposed how pervasively Hezbollah has been operating in Lebanon, and how they are being organized… by brightly illuminating all the endpoints. Nearly 3,000 casualties, having no other indicators than a newly distributed pager, is the strongest angle in this story. Emergency response has little choice but to put the targeted on a public map. The more that is reported about injury by association, in theory, the better the case against Hezbollah has been made.

In conclusion a method of using everyday communication devices for remote explosions has historical precedent. Similarly, massive supply-chain compromise is quite old and far more common than most realize. This incident is most interesting because it seems to indicate a strategic shift, by loudly messaging that Hezbollah’s operational reach — even among civilians and diplomats — is no secret and is vulnerabile to large scale intelligence failures.

Update:

A second wave of exploding Hezbollah communication devices involved handheld radios. The manufacturer is complaining these radios are obvious counterfeits.

A sales executive at the U.S. subsidiary of Japanese walkie-talkie maker Icom told The Associated Press that the exploded radio devices in Lebanon appear to be a knockoff product and not made by Icom. “I can guarantee you they were not our products,” said Ray Novak, a senior sales manager for Icom America’s amateur radio division, in an interview Wednesday at a trade show in Providence, Rhode Island. Novak said Icom introduced the V82 two-way radio model more than two decades ago and it has long since been discontinued.

The GApollo pager manufacturer CEO also has said today that the explosive devices were not made by his company, although he referred to it as a licensing deal with a Hungarian distributor. Since he calls it licensing, it almost supports the notion that no laws were broken by manufacturing an intentionally explosive model.

This basically confirms that the supply chain attack was not interception of newly made goods, and instead a targeted insertion of counterfeits or sabotaged old models into the Lebanese electronics market; remote control bombs were made to look like popular communication technology brands, to suit Hezbollah’s own stated preference for dated and inexpensive (grey market) technology.

Related and from this blog in 2006:

Although it’s not uncommon for households in the Middle East to have at least an AK-47 around the house, it’s incongruous to see the three rifles and grenade launcher beside a baby’s bassinet.