Category Archives: History

Happy Thanksgiving!

Every year I write something about the actual history of this American holiday, versus the modern interpretation. I used to just send it to friends and family, and then last year I posted it on my blog. This year, I noticed some interesting stories in the news like this one about school teachers emphasizing the “Indians’ side”.

Teacher Bill Morgan walks into his third-grade class wearing a black Pilgrim hat made of construction paper and begins snatching up pencils, backpacks and glue sticks from his pupils. He tells them the items now belong to him because he “discovered” them. The reaction is exactly what Morgan expects: The kids get angry and want their things back.

Morgan is among elementary school teachers who have ditched the traditional Thanksgiving lesson, in which children dress up like Indians and Pilgrims and act out a romanticized version of their first meetings.

I do not discount the importance of this subject, or the lesson taught by Morgan. However, I find it strange that instead of just unravelling the yarns by exposing the true history of the holiday, the teachers actually perpetuate the modern interpretation before attempting to revise it again. Who knows, at this rate of distance from its origins, maybe in a hundred years there will be a fat man in a red suit called Old Saint Lincoln who brings turkeys to children who have been nice to their neighbors…

Personally, I always think of the holiday in terms of a President who wanted a united nation to rise above its years of discontent and discord in order to notice the bounty of good deeds done even under the duress of civil war — to recognize and therefore seek a common humanitarian purpose.

Pre-Islamic poetry, identity, and conflict

This paper published in the Arab Journal for the Arts looks interesting:

“Tribal belonging in Pre-Islamic poetry (Between kinship and the awareness of kinship)” by Ali Asha, Department of Arabic, Faculty of Science and Arts, Al Hashimia University, Zarqa, Jordan.

The study looks at tribal belonging in Pre-Islamic poetry through studying some selected models of this poetry. In addition, considering poetry as the prominent factor for the cultural identity for Pre-Islamic community, the study investigates the social structure of the Arabic Pre-Islamic community and its integration in Pre-Islamic poem.

[…]

This kinship awareness made the poetic self try to create balance between power and truth, seeking “compliment� and “praise� and at the same time to resist the crumbling situation of the community that was exhausted by tribal conflict and dispute.

For Nives

Slaboca (Frailty)

by Tin Ujević (1891 – 1955)

Po ovoj magli, ovoj kii –
o pjano srce, ne uzdii.

Ti ljubilo si uzaludu,
a sada ite rodnu grudu,

i tvoja enja, vapaj roba,
trai odnekud pokoj groba.

– Tu u skoro da izdahnem,
tu u skoro da usahnem,

na naem plavom, plavom valu,
na naem bijelom, bijelom alu;

i sve u nai to sam trebo
pod tvojim svodom, Sveto Nebo,

plaveti sunca i vedrine
nad zemljom stare domovine.

I found a translation here, along with several of the Kolajna poems.

In this mist, in this rain –
Oh drunken heart, don’t drown in pain…

Books of Croatian poetry that have been translated into English are listed here (see section G).

I like the title of a book by Slavko Mihalić: Orchard of Black Apples, but I have not had much luck finding a copy. I also wonder if it could also be interpreted as Bad Apples? Then again, it seems there is a Black Twig Apple in the US that offers a very tart flavor and “gets better the longer you keep it”.

Hmmm, a very poetic-sounding apple indeed, not to mention it was widely known in the Eastern US during the early 19th Century and has even been called President Andrew Jackson’s favorite variety.

A list of other “black” varieties are listed here, including the “Black Spy”.

I know I’m taking this all to literally, but can you imagine an Orchard of Black Spies?

Holocaust archive opened

I thought this was an odd twist to the story about the International Tracing Service (ITS):

This vast archive — 16 miles of files in six nondescript buildings in a German spa town — contains the fullest records of Nazi persecutions in existence. But because of concerns about the victims’ privacy, the ITS has kept the files closed to the public for half a century, doling out information in minimal amounts to survivors or their descendants on a strict need-to-know basis.

This policy, which has generated much ill-feeling among Holocaust survivors and researchers, is about to change.

In May, after years of pressure from the United States and survivors’ groups, the 11 countries overseeing the archive agreed to unseal the files for scholars as well as victims and their families.

Were there victims who wanted the archive to remain closed? It seems more plausable to me that the identities being protected were actually of the perpetrators. It is an archive of accountability.

“If you sat here for a day and read these files, you’d get a picture of what it was really like in the camps, how people were treated. Look — names and names of kapos, guards — the little perpetrators,” [Paul Shapiro, of the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington] said.

[…]

Mandated to trace missing persons and help families reunite, ITS has allowed few people through its doors, and has responded to requests for information on wartime victims with minimal data, even when its files could have told more.

Shocking to think how useful this information would be to undo the dislocation and destruction to families, and yet it was kept secret under the pretense of helping victims. Odd, no? Also shocking to see just how widespread the systems were, and thus how many people would have been impacted had the documents been released earlier:

Postwar historians estimated about 5,000 to 7,000 detention sites. But after the Cold War ended, records began pouring out of the former communist nations of East Europe. More sites were disclosed in the last six years in claims by 1.6 million people for slave labor reparations from a $6.6 billion fund financed by the German government and some 3,000 industries.

“We have identified somewhere in the neighborhood of 20,000 camps and ghettos of various categories,” said Geoffrey Megargee of the Holocaust Museum in Washington, who is compiling a seven-volume encyclopedia of these detention centers.