Category Archives: History

Stop. Look. Listen in America

The BBC has a hilarious guide to American culture by Kevin Connolly

He points out that America may be rife with religious and violent zealots

To Europeans, for example, a gun is a weapon, pure and simple.

To many, but not all Americans, it is a badge of independence, and self-reliance – the tool of the engaged citizen who does not think that either the criminal, or the forces of the state, should have a monopoly on deadly force.

There is a great deal of irony in his dichotomy. Americans portray their terrorist enemy as a religious and violent zealot; the irony really comes out in the next paragraph.

Show [Europeans] a gun, and we picture a muscular ne’er-do-well in a balaclava menacing an elderly sub-postmistress.

An American is more likely to visualise a plucky homesteader crouching between an overturned sofa in a burning ranch house, preparing to defend his family to the death.

…unless you ask an American to describe a terrorist who must be disarmed, and then they will visualize a plucky homesteader crouching between an overturned sofa in burning ranch house, wearing a balaclava, like this guy:

In terms of religion, this section is spot-on:

If anything, over time, it is getting more religious rather than less. The motto In God We Trust was not added to American banknotes until the 1950s, for example.

Americans tied themselves in knots two years ago agonising over whether a black man, or a white woman could yet be elected president.

But here is a safe prediction. It will be a very long time before an atheist or agnostic gets anywhere near the White House.

A stark contrast with Europe where the opposite is increasingly the case.

A comedian recently pointed out that India has only been a democracy for about fifty years, and yet it has elected multiple religions, races and several women to their highest office without controversy. America’s democracy is past 200 years old but still struggles with acceptance of leaders from different races, religion and gender.

The report is not all critical, however. I also enjoyed his commentary on American security language.

…the daily American way with language is touched with brilliance, taut and crackling with life.

My favourite example is the simplest, the old railroad crossing sign that simply says: Stop. Look. Listen.

Impossible to shorten or clarify, it was written by an engineer for a country of new immigrants with limited English. It is not long, but it is still in use today, a rare example of perfect writing.

I look forward to the day America updates its 50s McCarthy-ist propaganda text of “In God We Trust”, which has been wildly successful, with something less ironic. It sounds like “Stop. Look. Listen” would be an excellent candidate.

Economist profiles Hans Rosling

A professor of international health at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden gets a boost from The Economist in a post titled Data visualisation: Hans Rosling’s greatest hits

THIS week’s edition of The Economist includes Technology Quarterly, which in turn contains a profile of Hans Rosling. He explains how the innovative use of infographics in public health (the topic of many of his presentations) dates back to Florence Nightingale

Rosling’s point is that political stability of a country should be measured by whether fertility rates are falling; that is an indicator of successful education and health services.

“When I went to work in Africa [in northern Mozambique in the early 1980s], it was my intention to work as a practising physician who would improve health with existing knowledge,” says Dr Rosling. “That epidemic [of malnutrition and inappropriately prepared cassava root] humbled me, and so I became a researcher.”

The Economist lists these highly illustrative and inspiring YouTube videos

2006:

2007:

2009:

2010:

US Protected Nazi War Criminals

The US National Archives has issued a report based on newly declassified material, which confirms that the US protected Nazi war criminals as early as 1946. I noticed it mentioned on German news, ironically.

The report, titled “Hitler’s Shadow: Nazi War Criminals, US Intelligence and the Cold War,” draws on information classified until 2005 and made available under the Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act, an effort by Washington to shed more a critical light on its own secrets.

The report looks into a number of former SS and Gestapo members who escaped justice with the US either knowingly tolerating their escape or even helping them to flee.

The report is available at www.archives.gov (PDF). Here are some excerpts:

The CIA moved to protect Ukranian nationalist leader Mykola Lebed from criminal investigation by the Immigration and Naturalization Service in 1952.

[…]

…on October 15, 1959, only 10 days after the CIA Munich base made the request [for a US Visa], a KGB assassin named Bogdan Stashinskiy murdered Bandera with a special gun that sprayed cyanide dust into the victim’s face. The Soviets, who had penetrated Bandera’s organization and the BND years before, evidently decided that they could not live with another alliance between German intelligence officers and Ukrainian fanatics.

[…]

Once in the United States, Lebed was the CIA’s chief contact for AERODYNAMIC. CIA handlers pointed to his “cunning character,” his “relations with the Gestapo and … Gestapo training,” that the fact that he was “a very ruthless operator.”